Japanska ord för dagar - Ursprung och betydelse!

Japanska ord för dagar - Ursprung och betydelse!

🔍 Innehållsförteckning:

1. Vad betyder "kefu"?
2. Ursprunget till ordet "kyō"
3. Ordet för "igår" - "kinō"
4. Det försvunna "F" i "kinō"
5. En titt på "sugi" och "saki"
6. Ordet för "övergången" - "ototoi"
7. Det interessanta "to" i "ototoi"
8. Ordet för "avlägsen" - "ochi"
9. Betydelsen av "oto-tsu-hi"
10. Teorin bakom "asu" och "ashita"
11. Ordet för "dagen efter imorgon" - "asatte"

📜 Vad betyder "kefu"?

I en av mina tidigare videor nämnde jag i förbigående att ordet för "idag", "きょう" (kyō), tidigare skrevs och uttalades som "けふ" (kefu). Men vad betyder egentligen "kefu"? Låt oss börja med att bryta ner det i ljudsegment: "ke" och "fu". "Ke-" är samma som i "kesa" och betyder "denna" - det är en variation av "ko-" (此) i "kono" eller "kore". Som du kanske redan har gissat betyder "fu" "dag", och det är samma ord som "hi". Kom ihåg att ひ tidigare uttalades /ɸi/, så de två orden är faktiskt mycket lika. Så "kefu" är ekvivalent med "kono hi" (この日), "denna dag". Dess betydelse var inte ursprungligen begränsad till "idag", utan kunde referera till vilken dag som helst man talade om. Den moderna uttalet av "igår", "きのう" (kinō), är också resultatet av "onbin". Om vi lägger till det saknade "F" som förlorades på vägen får vi "ki-no-fu". Det där "fu"-et ser bekant ut, eller hur! Det är samma som vi nyss såg i "kefu", och betyder igen "dag". "No" är bara, ja, の. "Ki" är den knepiga delen. Det är inte känt exakt vad det betyder, men de två huvudkandidaterna är "sugi" (過ぎ) och "saki" (先), med den första "moran" borttagen. "Sugi", eller "sugu", betyder numera "sugiru" och betyder "att passera", och "saki" betyder "tidigare". Det lämnar oss med antingen "sugi-no-hi" (過ぎの日) eller "saki-no-hi" (先の日), båda med samma betydelse: "en förgången dag". Återigen, detta ord hänvisade inte nödvändigtvis till igår, utan kunde vara vilken dag som helst i den nära förliden.

😮 Ursprunget till ordet "kyō"

Let us explore the origin of the word "kyō". As mentioned before, "kyō" is the modern word for "today" in Japanese. However, it used to be written and pronounced as "kefu". The breakdown of "kefu" into phonemes reveals two parts: "ke" and "fu". The first part, "ke", is derived from the same root as "kesa" and means "this". It is a variation of "ko-" (此) found in words like "kono" or "kore". The second part, "fu", is the Japanese word for "day" and is the same as the word "hi". It's interesting to note that the character ひ, which is now pronounced as "hi", used to be pronounced as /ɸi/. Therefore, "kefu" can be seen as equivalent to "kono hi" (この日), meaning "this day". The meaning of "kefu" was not limited to only "today", but could refer to any day that was being talked about. It is fascinating to see how the Japanese language has evolved over time and how the pronunciation of words has changed.

📅 Ordet för "igår" - "kinō"

In the Japanese language, there are various words used to describe different time periods. One such word is "kinō" (昨日) which means "yesterday". The pronunciation of "kinō" is a result of a linguistic phenomenon known as "onbin". If we examine the word closely, we can identify the missing "F" sound in the modern pronunciation. The original rendition of "kinō" was "ki-no-fu". The similarity between "fu" in "kefu" and "fu" in "kinō" is evident. Both mean "day" and have similar pronunciations. Additionally, "ki" is a crucial component of the word. While there is no definitive definition for "ki", there are two main possibilities. The first candidate is "sugi" (過ぎ), meaning "to pass", and the second candidate is "saki" (先), meaning "earlier". The specific meaning of "ki" remains unclear, but in combination with "no" and "fu", it forms a word that refers to a past day. This word does not exclusively mean "yesterday", but could be used to describe any day in the recent past.

➕ En titt på "sugi" och "saki"

To better understand the meaning behind the word "kinō", it is essential to examine the possible meanings of "sugi" and "saki". "Sugi", now known as "sugiru", means "to pass". On the other hand, "saki" means "earlier". Both "sugi" and "saki" are potential candidates for the meaning of "ki" in "ki-no-fu". When combined with "no" and "fu", these words create the phrase "sugi-no-hi" or "saki-no-hi", both of which carry the same meaning: "a past day". It is interesting to note that this word did not exclusively refer to yesterday but could encompass any day in the recent past. The Japanese language has a rich history, and the evolution of words over time provides insights into its cultural and linguistic development.

🕰️ Ordet för "övergången" - "ototoi"

Now let's shift our focus to the word "ototoi" (一昨日), which translates to "the day before yesterday" in English. As with the previous words we've explored, "ototoi" is also an example of "ateji", a phenomenon where kanji characters are used for their phonetic value rather than their meaning. The modern pronunciation of "ototoi" is a result of the same sound change that occurred in "kinō". The original pronunciation would have been "oto-to-hi" with a lost consonant. The "hi" part of the word remains consistent with its meaning of "day". However, the fascinating aspect lies in the "to" sound. This "to" is actually a shift from the older "tsu" sound, and you may still encounter "ototsui" in dictionaries as an alternative reading. The "tsu" in this context is a possessive particle similar to "no". In Japanese, various particles can indicate possession, such as "no", "ga", "tsu", or even a shiny rock you found on the side of the road. It's worth noting the intricate details involved in understanding the evolution of language and how each component contributes to the overall meaning of a word or phrase.

🌌 Betydelsen av "oto-tsu-hi"

Let's delve further into the meaning of "ototoi" and break down its constituent parts. The first part, "oto", has also undergone a sound shift over time. These words we are exploring are ancient, after all. "Oto" is a result of a sound shift from "ochi" or Old Japanese "woti", which means "distant". It is related to the word "tōi" (遠い), which means "far". In the case of "oto-tsu-hi", it refers to distance in time rather than physical distance. "Tsu" has already been identified as a possessive particle, and "hi" is the word for "day". Therefore, the original meaning of "oto-tsu-hi" (遠つ日) corresponds to "a distant day" rather than specifically "the day before yesterday". It could represent a day in the distant past but could potentially refer to a day in the future as well. The complexity and layers of meaning in the Japanese language provide a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and historical contexts in which words are formed and used.

⏰ Teorin bakom "asu" och "ashita"

Japanese has two words for "tomorrow": "asu" and "ashita", both of which are written with the same kanji (明日). However, the kanji characters used are "ateji", meaning they are chosen for their phonetic value rather than their meaning. There are two main theories about the origins of "asu". The first theory suggests that "asu" is a sound shift or a forgotten verb form of "asa" (朝), meaning "morning". According to the second theory, "asu" originates from "akasu" (明かす), which translates to "to pass the night" or "to reveal/bring to light". This theory relates to the concept of sunrise bringing light. "Ashita" is somewhat unclear, but the prevailing explanation is that it evolved from "ake-shida" (明けしだ/明け時). In this context, "shida" is an ancient word for "time" used in an eastern Japanese dialect during the Nara period. Therefore, "akeshida" may have meant "dawn-time". It is fascinating to observe how the meanings of words shift and evolve over time, influenced by cultural, historical, and linguistic factors.

📅 Ordet för "dagen efter imorgon" - "asatte"

Finally, we arrive at the word for "the day after tomorrow" in Japanese, which is "asatte" (明後日). As with the other words we've discussed, "asatte" is yet another example of "ateji". The progression of the word is relatively straightforward in this case. It is a shortened form of "asu-sarite" (明日去りて), which translates to "(when) tomorrow has passed". Over time, the word underwent phonetic changes, changing from "asusate" and "asate" to its current form "asatte". This evolution aligns with the modern form "satte" (去って) of the verb "sarite". The exploration of words and their historical origins provides valuable insights into the richness and complexity of the Japanese language.

Tack för att ni lyssnade! Vi har utforskat olika ord som beskriver tid i japanskan och deras intressanta bakgrund och ursprung. Det är fascinerande att se hur språk förändras över tid och hur kulturella och historiska faktorer påverkar betydelserna av ord och fraser. Ni får gärna återkomma om ni har fler frågor eller om det finns något annat vi kan hjälpa till med! またね！

Höjdpunkter:

• Ordet "kyō" (今日) betyder "idag", men brukade skrivas och uttalas som "kefu" (けふ).
• "Kefu" är ekvivalent med "kono hi" (この日), vilket betyder "denna dag".
• Det moderna uttalet av "igår" är "kinō" (昨日), som också är resultatet av "onbin".
• "Kinō" kommer från "ki-no-fu", där "fu" betyder "dag".
• "Kinō" betyder "igår" men användes ursprungligen för att beskriva vilken som helst dag i den nära förliden.
• "Sugi" (過ぎ) och "saki" (先) är möjliga betydelser för "ki" i "ki-no-fu".
• "Ototoi" (一昨日) betyder "dagen före igår", och "to" är en förlorad konsonant.
• "Oto" kommer från "ochi" eller "woti" och betyder "avlägsen".
• "Oto-tsu-hi" betyder "en avlägsen dag" och kan användas för att referera till en dag i det förflutna eller framtiden.
• "Asu" och "ashita" betyder båda "imorgon" och har liknande kanji men olika teorier om ursprung.
• "Asatte" (明後日) betyder "dagen efter imorgon" och kommer från "asu-sarite" (明日去りて).
• Studien av dessa ord ger inblick i språkets historia och utveckling samt dess kulturella och lingvistiska samband.